Nearly a century ago, Hilaire Belloc, a Franco-English writer, made a remarkably prescient observation concerning Islam that was dismissed as hyperbolic at the time:

Millions of modern people of the white civilization — that is, the civilization of Europe and America — have forgotten all about Islam. They have never come in contact with it. They take for granted that it is decaying, and that, anyway, it is just a foreign religion which will not concern them. It is, as a fact, the most formidable and persistent enemy which our civilization has had, and may at any moment become as large a menace in the future as it has been in the past (from Belloc’s The Great Heresies, 1938; emphasis added).

Few heeded Belloc’s “scare mongering,” and, as a result, Islam is now the scourge of Europe — especially in those two nations from which Belloc’s family hailed: France (paternal side) and England (maternal).

Anyone who doubts he was right would do well to familiarize themselves with Islam’s long record of violence vis-à-vis the West. A succinct summary follows (full treatment here).

The Shadow Growing in the East

According to Islamic history, in 628 AD, the Arabian founder of Islam, Muhammad, called on the Eastern Roman Emperor, Heraclius — the symbolic head of Christendom —to recant Christianity and embrace Islam. The emperor refused, jihad was declared, and the Arabs invaded Christian Syria, defeating the imperial army at the pivotal Battle of Yarmuk in 636.

This enabled the Muslims to swarm in all directions, so that, less than a century later, they had conquered the greater, older, and richer part of Christendom, including Syria, Egypt, and North Africa. Jerusalem fell to a siege in 637.

The Muslim drive into Europe from the east was repeatedly frustrated by the Walls of Constantinople; after the spectacularly failed siege of 717-718, many centuries would pass before any Muslim power thought to capture the imperial city. The Arabs did manage to invade Europe proper and conquered Spain, but were stopped at the Battle of Tours in 732, and eventually driven back south of the Pyrenees.

For more than two centuries thereafter, Islamic forces continued to pummel Europe by land and sea. Untold thousands of Christians were enslaved and every Mediterranean island sacked in the ongoing Muslim quest for booty and slaves, as what was termed “the Dark Ages” descended on the continent.

The vicissitudes of war ebbed and flowed, with the Eastern Roman Empire making a major comeback against Islam in the tenth century, though the border largely remained the same. This changed when the Turks, under the leadership of the Seljuk tribe, became the new standard bearers of jihad. They nearly annihilated eastern Anatolia, particularly Armenia and Georgia in the eleventh century and, after the 1071 Battle of Manzikert, overran Asia Minor.

By then, however, Western Europe’s military might had so matured that when the Pope called on the knights of Christendom to come to the aid of the Christian East, the First Crusade was born. Western Christians, led by the Franks, marched into the beast’s lair, defeated their adversaries in several encounters, and managed to establish a firm presence in the Levant, including in Jerusalem, which they recaptured in 1099 — only to lose it less than 100 years later, after the fateful Battle of Hattin in 1187. By 1297, the Crusaders’ presence was eliminated from the Middle East.

But the Crusade succeeded in the West. A handful of years after the Muslim invasion and conquest of Spain around 711, fugitive Christians holed in the northern mountains of Asturia began the Reconquista; by 1085 it had proven effective enough to prompt two new Muslim invasions from Africa to counter it. Again, the ebb and flow of war dominated the landscape, but by 1212, at Las Navas de Tolosa, Spain’s indigenous Christians gave Islam its death-stroke, so that by 1252 it was confined to Granada at the southernmost tip of Iberia.

Stopping the Scourge

Around that time, a violent but relatively short-lived Mongolian storm overwhelmed much of the east; both Christians (notably Russians) and Muslims were pummeled. A new Turkish dynasty arose from the Seljuk ashes: the Ottomans — whose identity revolved around the concept of jihad more than any of their predecessors — renewed Islam’s perennial war on Christendom. They managed to enter Eastern Europe, defeated a combined army of Crusaders at Nicopolis in 1396, took much of the Balkans, and crowned their achievement by fulfilling Muhammad’s desire of conquering Constantinople — enslaving and raping thousands of its inhabitants in ways that ISIS tries to mimic — in 1453.

But mourning was soon tempered by joy: To the west, Spain finally conquered Granada in 1492, thereby snuffing out Islam as a political power; to the east, the most overlooked chapter of Muslim-Christian conflict was also coming to an end. The Russians, who had lived under distinctly Islamic rule for nearly two centuries, finally cast off the “Tatar Yoke” in 1480.

Even so, the Ottomans continued to be the scourge of Christendom. They made inroads into Europe — reaching but failing to capture Vienna in 1529 — and sponsored the seaborne jihad originating from North Africa. While the Muslims largely failed to capture new European lands, Barbary pirates and Crimean slavers captured and sold approximately five million Europeans.

In 1683, more than 200,000 Ottoman jihadis attempted to take Vienna again. Even though their failure marked the Ottoman Empire’s slow decline, Muslim slavers of the so-called Barbary States of North Africa continued to wreak havoc all along the coasts of Europe, reaching even Iceland.

Westward Ho!

The United States of America’s first war — which it fought before it could even elect its first president — was against these Islamic slavers. When Thomas Jefferson and John Adams asked Barbary’s ambassador why his countrymen were enslaving American sailors, the

ambassador answered us that it was founded on the laws of their Prophet, that it was written in their Koran, that … it was their right and duty to make war upon [non-Muslims] wherever they could be found, and to make slaves of all they could take as prisoners.

Europe’s final triumph over the Barbary States in the early 1800s ushered in the colonial era. By 1900, most of the Muslim world was under European control; by 1924, the more than 600 year-old Ottoman caliphate was abolished — not by Europeans but Muslim Turks, as the latter sought to emulate the successful ways of the former. Islam was viewed as a spent force and virtually forgotten, until recent times when it reemerged again.

Such has been the true and most “general” history between the Islamic and Western worlds.

This map (© Sword and Scimitar) should give an idea of how far-reaching and multitentacled this perennial jihad was. The darkest green shading represents Western/Christian nations that were permanently conquered by Islam; the lighter green shading represents those Western/Christian nations that were temporarily conquered by Islam (sometimes for many centuries, as in Spain, Russia, and the Balkans); green stripes represent areas that were raided, often repeatedly, though not necessarily annexed by Islam; the crossed swords mark the sites of the eight most landmark battles between Islam and the West.

From a macrocosmic perspective, the consequences of the historic jihad are even more profound than first appears. After writing, “For almost a thousand years, from the first Moorish landing in Spain [711] to the second Turkish siege of Vienna [1683], Europe was under constant threat from Islam,” Bernard Lewis elaborates:

All but the easternmost provinces of the Islamic realm had been taken from Christian rulers… North Africa, Egypt, Syria, even Persian-ruled Iraq, had been Christian countries, in which Christianity was older and more deeply rooted than in most of Europe. Their loss was sorely felt and heightened the fear that a similar fate was in store for Europe.

The “loss” of North Africa and the Middle East “was sorely felt” by premodern Europeans because they thought more along religious and civilizational lines than nationalist ones. And before Islam burst onto the scene, most of Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East were part of the same Christian civilization. As such, Islam did not merely invade and eventually get repulsed from Europe; rather, “Muslim armies conquered three-quarters of the Christian world,” to quote historian Thomas Madden.

Thus what is now casually called “the West” is actually the westernmost remnant of what was a much more extensive civilizational block that Islam permanently severed, thereby altering the course of “Western” history. And, once Muslims overran Africa and the Middle East, most of its Christian subjects, to evade fiscal and social oppression and join the winning team, converted to Islam, thereby perpetuating the cycle, as they became the new standard bearers of jihad against their former coreligionists north and west of the Mediterranean.

Such are the rarely noted ironies of history.

The Past Informs the Future

Returning to Hilaire Belloc, one can also see how an accurate understanding of true history—as opposed to an indoctrination in mainstream pseudo-histories—leads to an accurate prognosis of the future. For Belloc was not only correct about the past but the future as well:

[Islam] is, as a fact, the most formidable and persistent enemy which our civilization has had, and may at any moment become as large a menace in the future as it has been in the past…. The whole spiritual strength of Islam is still present in the masses of Syria and Anatolia, of the East Asian mountains, of Arabia, Egypt and North Africa. The final fruit of this tenacity, the second period of Islamic power, may be delayed — but I doubt whether it can be permanently postponed (emphasis added)

Make no mistake; we are well into in this “second period of Islamic power.” And, contrary to what Belloc thought or hoped, not only has a suicidal West done absolutely nothing to “delay” — let alone “permanently postpone” — this resurgence, it has gone out of its way to help empower Muhammad’s creed, to its own detriment and demise.

 

Raymond Ibrahim, author of Defenders of the West and Sword and Scimitar, is the Distinguished Senior Shillman Fellow at the Gatestone Institute and the Judith Rosen Friedman Fellow at the Middle East Forum.